Technological Prerequisites

INTERNET PROTOCOLS

Internet Protocols

SMTP mail exchange as an example

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

TCP segment format

Why do we need IP protocol layer?

IP datagram format

Protocol Number

IP Address Structure - Class-full

Internet Addresses

Some addresses are reserved for special use

Network access protocols

Ethernet/IEEE 802.3

CSMA/CD

Ethernet frame format

Ethernet frame format (continue)

Example of vendor-dependant Ethernet addresses

Sockets and application programs

Well-known TCP ports

UDP - User Datagram Protocol

UDP - User Datagram Protocol (continue)

ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol

General format of ICMP message

The ping command - Testing basic connectivity

ping example

traceroute - Tracing routes

traceroute - Tracing routes

traceroute example

traceroute example

Flow of traceroute packets

ARP - Address resolution Protocol

ARP - Address resolution Protocol (continue)

arp command

ROUTING

Connecting two LANs

A more complex configuration

Routing table initialization and updating

Routing protocols

Autonomous System Number

Example for routing

Subnetting

Subnetting -example

Subnetting - example

CIDR - Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Example of CIDR configuration (supernetting)

REFERENCES