Austria
As early as 1981, computer centers at the Austrian universities and the Federal Ministry of Science and Research embarked on a project to develop a suitable communications structure for the Austrian scientific and research community. Initially, activities were started within the framework of research grant. Other countries at the beginning also followed this way of development.
In 1985 Austrian universities were offered access to EARN and Eunet for the first time. At the same time a national networking structure was implemented. In 1986 the ACOnet Association ( ACOnet - Verein) was formed. The core membership of this association was defined to comprise the computer centers of all Austrian Universities. In 1990, Austria obtained access to the Global Internet within the framework of the European Academic Supercomputing Initiative (EASI), sponsored by IBM. A 64 kbps line to Geneva was provided, giving access to the onward 1.5 Mbps connection (EASINET) to the U.S.A. In 1992 ACOnet was converted to use the IP protocol set ( instead of the X.25 protocol suite). This very brief outline of the ACOnet development is very instructive for other countries. Many of them follow the same line of development and the experience gained by our Austrian friends can be very useful. The special emphasis in this respect should be put on collaboration between ACOnet as the network for academic community and public network operator Astrian PTT.
The following list summarizes ACOnet's connectivity to the international communications structures:
- To the global Internet within the framework of EBONE and through the
EBS in Vienna and
- to EARN/BITNET via the Austrian EARN backbone node AEARN at the
Vienna University, using Internet as transport facility
- A frame relay connection from EBS-Vienna via EUnet-Vienna to the
European Eunet backbone system in Amsterdam serves to exchange
information between EBONE and Eunet.
From EBS in Vienna a set of links to many cities and regions in central and eastern Europe is either in place or planned for the very near future:
- 256 lines to Prague/CZ and Budapest/HU,
- a 128 kbps ( soon upgradet to 256 kbps) to Warsaw/PL
- 64 kbps lines to Zagreb/HR and to Bratislava/SK as well as 64 kbps
satellite link to Bucharest/RO and
- 19.2 kbps connections to Sofia/BG and Blagoevegrad/BG
- A 64 kbps link under construction to Ljubljana/SI
- 64 kbps lines are proposed for the imminent future to Skopje/MK and
as an upgrade for Sofia.
- Another 9.6 kbps connection has been established to Teheran and an
upgrade to 64 kbps for this line has already been proposed
The topology of international connections changes rather fast, therefore it is nearly impossible to present situation up to date.